Labour Bureau
Government of India
R E P O R T

ONEVALUATION STUDIES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 

IN BIDI MAKING ESTABLISHMENTS IN
MADHYA PRADESH

CONTENTS
 

Chapter - 1 

INTRODUCTION 
1.1
Genesis
1
1.2
Objectives
1
1.3
Concepts and Definitions
2
1.4
Scope and Coverage
3
1.5
Methodology
4
1.6
Pilot Study
7
1.7
Main Study
8

Chapter- II 

SPECIAL CHARACTERSTICS 
2.1
Introduction
9
2.2
Types of Establishments
10
2.3
Types of Employees
12
2.4
Classification of Bidi Workers
14
2.5
Production
15
2.6
Establishments Covered and Average Output
15
2.7
Contribution of Dependents
16
2.8

Estimated Number of Bidi Workers 
17

Chapter- III 

PATTERN OF EMPLOYMENT 
3.1
Introduction
19
3.2
Bidi Workers
19
3.3
Bidi Rollers
20
3.4
Helpers
21

Chapter- IV 

CHARACTERSTICS OF THE EMPLOYEES 
4.1
Introduction
22
4.2
Types of Employees Covered by the Study
22
4.3
Levels of Education
24
4.4
Distribution of Employees by Broad Age Groups
27
4.5
Caste Composition
30
4.6
Length of Service
30
4.7
Origin of Workers
32

Chapter- V

WAGES, EARNINGS AND HOURS OF WORK
5.1
Introduction
34
5.2
Prescribed Rates of Minimum Wages
35
5.3
Mode of Payments
36
5.4
Wage Period
38
5.5
Hours of Work
38
5.6
Wages and Earnings
39

Chapter- VI
AWARENESS ABOUT THE LABOUR LAWS
6.1
Introduction
42
6.2
Employers
42
6.3
Contractors
42
6.4
Bidi Workers
42
6.5
Bidi Rollers
43

Chapter- VII
ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT
7.1
Introduction
44
7.2
Wage Revisions
44
7.3
Enforcement Machinery
46
7.4
Inspections
46
7.5
Maintenance of Records and Registers
46
7.6
Level of Compliance with the Prescribed Minimum Wages
47
7.7
Difficulties faced by the Enforcement Machinery
49
7.8
Suggestions for Securing Better Compliance
49
Chapter- VIII
CONCLUSIONS AND MAIN FINDINGS
51