STATISTICS OF FACTORIES 2002

CHAPTER-3

Average Daily Employment

3.1           The statistics collected under the Factories Act, 1948 relate to workers as defined under the Act, i.e. persons employed directly or through any agency, whether for wages or not in any manufacturing process or in cleaning any part of machinery or premises used for manufacturing process or any other kind of work incidental to or connected with manufacturing process. The definition covers not only workers but also those supervisory and clerical personnel who are connected with manufacturing process. Further, the coverage is limited to factories as defined in the Factories Act, 1948, viz., (a) factories using power and employing 10 or more workers on any working day (Section 2m (i)),  (b) factories not using power and employing 20 or more workers on any working day (Section 2m(ii)) and (c) factories specially notified under Section 85 of the Factories Act by State Government.

3.2      The employment data which represent average daily employment are furnished by each factory by dividing total attendance (mandays worked) in a year by the total number of working days during the year. The estimated employment for factories not submitting returns is obtained by the State authorities on the basis of following in order of their preference:-

i)         recent factory inspection reports

ii)         last year’s employment data

iii)       employment figures reported in the application for registration or grant or renewal of license.

3.3       The average daily employment for an industry group or a State is obtained by summing up the reported and estimated figures of average daily employment for all factories belonging to an industry or a State.

3.4      Table 2.1 provides estimated average daily employment in all the working factories in the responding states during 2002. The total estimated average daily employment was 6.3 million in 2002. The factories submitting returns constituted 40.42 percent. Such factories accounted for 52.61 percent of the total estimated average daily employment during the year 2002. The average daily employment per working factory worked out to be 44.86 at all India level.  It was highest in A&N Islands   (160.73) and lowest in Tripura (21.92).

3.5      Estimated average daily employment by Industry Groups at two digits level and by States/Industry Groups at three-digit level of National Industrial Classification, 1998 has been presented in Tables 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. These Tables reveal that the States of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab & Tamil Nadu, together accounted for 76.33 per cent of the total number of working factories and the bulk of employment i.e., 74.96 percent of total employment. Amongst the industry groups, the average employment was the highest in the ‘Mining of Metal Ores’ (Industry Code 13) i.e. 656.00 and lowest in ‘Forestry, Logging and Related Service Activities’ (Industry Code 02) i.e.5.00.

3.6      State-wise break-up of the estimated average daily employment and number of working factories covered under Section 2m (i), 2m (ii) and notified under Section 85 of the Factories Act, 1948 has been shown in Table 2.4. It will be seen from this Table that the bulk of factories i.e. 82.1 per cent as well as employment i.e. 95.8 per cent was under Section 2m(i) of the Factories Act, 1948.  The share of three states combined together namely Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu constituted about 60 percent of total working factories.  In case of estimated average daily employment Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu together accounted for 56. 3 percent.

3.7      The number of working factories and estimated average daily employment by States and Industries in Public and Private Sector has been exhibited in Tables 2.5. & 2.6. It will be seen from these Tables that Public Sector factories accounted for 3.54 per cent of working factories and 15.24 per cent of the total estimated average daily employment. In Public sector, maximum employment was in the industry group  ‘Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles; Retail Sale of Automotive Fuel’ (Industry Code 50)’.

3.8      The distribution of factories submitting returns according to average daily number of workers employed therein classified by States/Union Territories and by Major Industry Groups is given in Tables 2.7 and 2.8. The highest proportion of factories submitting returns was reported for Tamil Nadu (35.8 per cent) followed by Maharashtra (23.8 per cent) and Andhra Pradesh (18.2 per cent).  When analysed by industries, ‘Manufacture of food products and beverages’industry (Industry Code 15) ranked first with 19.4 per cent of the total factories submitting returns, followed by '‘Manufacture of textiles (Industry Code 17) with 14.4 per cent.

3.9       The number of factories submitting returns and average daily number of workers employed therein in various employment size-groups have been presented in the following Table.

TABLE -D

No. of Factories Submitting Returns and Average Daily Employment therein by

Employment Size-groups for the year 2002

3.10          The following table presents details of industry groups in which the bigger-sized units employing

            1,000 or more workers are employed.

TABLE - E

Total number of units employing 1000 or more workers and percentage of employment

in such units to the total employment in each selected industry group for the year 2002

 N.B. Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total.

-          = Nil

*N.E.C.= Not Elsewhere Classified

3.11     The distribution of factories submitting returns classified according to number of days worked and average daily employment therein by States and major industry groups is given in Tables 2.9 and 2.10. The number of factories in various groups of working days and employment therein are given in the Table below.

TABLE - F

Number of Factories and employment therein classified according to the number

of days actually worked for the year 2002

Data presented in the above Table reveal 76.52 percent of total number of factories submitting returns worked for more than 240 days during 2002. Only a very small fraction of such factories (1.20 percent) worked for 60 days or less during the year. 

3.12          The number of mandays worked in factories submitting returns by industry groups and by States have been presented in Table 2.11.  The industry group ‘Manufacture of Textile (Industry Code17)’, accounted for maximum number of mandays worked (29.94 per cent).

3.13     Under the Factories Act, 1948 adult, adolescent and child have been clearly defined.  The Average daily employment by age and sex in various States and Industries has been presented in Tables 2.12 & 2.13 respectively. It would be seen that adult men formed 83.54 per cent, women 16.29 per cent and adolescent 0.17 per cent of the total factory employment. Among the States, Tamil Nadu employed maximum number of workers in the year 2002. Amongst industry groups, the maximum number of workers were employed in the industry groups ‘Manufacture of Textiles (Industry Code 17’.